TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Since then, mutations in several other factors involved in stress response were linked to familial forms of ALS, as such TARDBP (TDP-43, transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa), FUS (fused in sarcoma), VCP (valosin containing protein), and TIA1 (Tia1 cytotoxic granule-associated RNA binding protein) [7].