TNF and Alzheimer disease: In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, microglia surround amyloid plaques and respond to amyloid-β with a pro-inflammatory phenotype characterised by cytokine expression (e.g., interleukins (IL) 1β and 6 and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα)) that may initially limit amyloidosis but likely becomes overzealous and neurotoxic [12,13,14].