NR4A3 and melanoma: They hence proposed that the mutation may cause the gray phenotype by promoting melanocyte proliferation, possibly via the over-expression of STX17 and/or its neighboring gene, NR4A3, a nuclear hormone receptor implicated in several biological processes, including cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, also observed as a markedly highly expressed gene in melanomas, a common occurrence in Gray horse breeds (but not, at our knowledge, in grey cattle breeds).