TNF and Autoimmunity: By contrast, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IFN-α mutually exert inhibitory effects on each other, and biologics targeting TNF-α may be one of the possible candidates to modulate the immune balance via activation of nascent autoreactive T-cells, altered autoimmunity, imbalance between TNF-α and IFN-α, and induction of IL-17- and IL-22-producing CD4+ T-cells in the peripheral blood [22].