Although TDP-43 was also found at elevated levels within EV extracted from brain of patients with ALS in one report [10], studies examining the quantities of TDP-43 in CSF EVs from ALS and FTD patients have given conflicting results, with the largest study suggesting no difference compared with controls, potentially due to the diverse origin of CSF EV and the ubiquity of TDP-43 expression [12, 13]. The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.