NPLOC4 and glioblastoma: DSF, a clinically used anti-alcoholism drug, has been well-documented with potent anticancer activity in a form of complexation with copper ion (Cu) via a mechanism of crippling valosin-containing protein/p97 segregase adaptor NPL4.12 The anti-GBM effect of DSF/Cu was also investigated in several clinical studies.13–15 Therefore, the combination of HNK and DSF/Cu was proposed in this study for treating GBM.