ALB and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: We used multivariable logistic regression models to examine the association between age, sex, race/ethnicity, and the major risk factors for CKD (diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, overweight and obesity, and smoking) with elevated urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) among adults aged 18 or older in 5 racial/ethnic groups in Hawaii: Native Hawaiian, Filipino, Chinese, Japanese, and non-Hispanic white.