In this study significantly increased levels of p62/NBR1 were detected in confirmed and probable cases of melioidosis patients compared to healthy control, and the increased levels NBR1 can distinctly dicriminate B. pseudomallei-negative sepsis and melioidosis-negative suspected leptospirosis controls, but at present detection of increased levels of p62 can not independently discriminate between melioidosis and other bacterial infections. The gene discussed is NBR1; the disease is bacterial infectious disease.