GLI1 and neoplasm: Furthermore, the mRNA analysis of these paired tumour tissues with matched mucosa tissues from CRC patients (n = 17) showed significantly higher mRNA expression of GLI1 in the tumour tissue compared with its matched normal mucosa (the normal mucosa as reference set to 100 and tumour tissue 298.58 ± 35.69 (mean ± SEM), Mann–Whitney test, P < 0.001, Fig. 1l).