We further characterized NPY-ir neurons in the central part of the IFN, measuring neuron number, soma size, and relative area covered by NPY-ir in both CTRL and T2DM subjects, with T2DM subjects further grouped by the antidiabetic treatments they had received (Supplemental Figure 2 and Figure 2, A–H). The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.