However, using bulk quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of isolated IRF8+ nuclei (comprising microglia and macrophages) from frozen tissue sections [11] (Supplementary Table 3), we could not detect significant alterations of heteronuclear RNA expression of homeostatic genes CX3CR1, TMEM119, P2RY12 and ADGRG1 in active lesions of PMS, compared to NAWM (Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 4; Additional file 2: Supplementary Fig. 2b). Here, TMEM119 is linked to premenstrual tension.