The present study nicely complements the single-nuclei RNA-sequencing study from WM in SPMS [43] and other studies using bulk and single-cell/nuclei transcriptomic analysis in early and PMS as well as the EAE model [12, 13, 41, 44–47], in which microglia show an increased gene expression of MHC class II-related molecules such as HLA-DR, Cd74 and molecules involved in phagocytosis and/or myelin uptake including GPNMB, SPP1 and Cd68 in MS. Here, GPNMB is linked to premenstrual tension.