In the current study, we compared the expressions of 11 inflammation-related proteins in the AH of the cataract patients with and without type 2 diabetes before and after the first-eye surgery, and revealed that the first-eye surgery in the diabetic patients stimulated significant increases in the levels of MCP-1 and the neuropeptide SP in the contralateral eye. The gene discussed is NPS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.