TLR4 and Hyperglycemia: To this end, our data show that RIH or glucose fluctuations promoted the TLR4 protein (p < 0001, Figure 4A,B) and gene expression (p = 0.005, Figure 4C) in macrophages, which differed non-significantly from TLR4 expression in macrophages cultured in persistent hyperglycemia (15 mM/L) (p > 0.05).