TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: This upregulation of IRF5 in T2D patients associated positively with the hyperglycemia-related clinical markers HbA1c (r = 0.47, p < 0.0001, Figure 1B) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.23, p = 0.03, Figure 1C) as well as with critical inflammatory markers including TNF-α (r = 0.56, p < 0.0001, Figure 1D), IL-1β (r = 0.40, p = 0.0009, Figure 1E), and C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR)-2 (r = 0.49, p < 0.0001, Figure 1F).