MAPK3 and colorectal carcinoma: Conversely, LCA stimulates angiogenesis and metastasis in HCT116 CRC cell lines through the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk)1/2 and simultaneous reduction of Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation, thus enhancing as a consequence the expression of IL-8 which is known to be upregulated in the serum of CRC patients [34] (Figure 2).