AKT1 and Parkinson disease: Another gene mutated in an autosomal recessive form of PD is DJ-1 and interestingly, it has been demonstrated that reduced levels of DJ-1 protein are associated with impaired PI3K/Akt signaling in Drosophila and this is accompanied by increased ROS production and degeneration of dopaminergic and photoreceptor neurons [162], strengthening the hypothesis that PI3K/Akt signaling impairment could be a common molecular event for PD pathogenesis.