VEGFA and hydrops fetalis: Although Fc-GDF15 treatment did not lead to systemic changes in aldosterone, NT-proBNP, and FABP3 (S4 Table) in obese ZSF1 rats, the novel and exploratory systemic protein markers [63] of cardiac injury vWF and Myl3; HF-associated OPN; markers of vascular injury sE-selectin, sICAM, and VEGF; and cardiovascular fibrosis marker TIMP-1 were significantly lower in Fc-GDF15–treated obese rats vs vehicle-treated obese rats (Fig 7).