CSF2 and helminthiasis: [5] Recent reports have shown reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IL-23, IL-27, G-CSF, and GM-CSF in subjects with coexisting helminth infection and T2DM and a partial reversal of this effect following treatment of the worm infection.