Some SCFA effects are mediated via the GPR41 and GPR43 receptors present in the enteroendocrine L cells in the intestines,32,33 mediating protective immunity and inflammation.6 Our results showed that sucrose, SV and sucralose were the major producers of acetate, and the addition of an HFD significantly increased the production of acetate that was associated with the development of hepatic steatosis. Here, FFAR3 is linked to Hepatic steatosis.