Since carnosine has been demonstrated to have several beneficial effects on DKD such as ROS-/RCS-scavenging and antioxidative properties, depletion of carnosine may lead to an increased formation of AGE products and therefore might be accountable for the disease aggravating effect in hCN1 TG mice [13, 15–17, 23, 24]. The gene discussed is HCN1; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.