CXCL1 and infection: In addition, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), KC (CXCL1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 (C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL1)) were detected systemically and at increased levels at 7 DPI, further indicating a systemic recruitment of inflammatory and innate immune cells to sites of infection (Fig 3a and S2a Fig).