TNF and cancer: Examples of molecular changes include the antiapoptotic protein XIAP whose expression is elevated in many cancer types and participate in the release of proapoptotic proteins [27]; inflammation mediators such as TNF-α, IL-6, transforming growth factor-β, and IL-10 have been shown to participate in both the initiation and progression of cancer [28]; and the VEGF signaling pathway plays pivotal roles in regulating tumour angiogenesis [29].