TNF and Salmonella Infections: Among the top 7 pathways, six have been previously identified by others using transcriptome analysis in malaria [10, 11], including malaria (hsa05144), cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (hsa04060), TNF signaling pathways (hsa04668), chemokine signaling pathways (hsa04062), Salmonella infection (hsa05132), and cell cycle (hsa04110).