The neuroprotective effects of petaslignolide A isolated from P. japonicus leaves and of crude butanol extracts of P. japonicus leaves treated with kainic acid have been reported in the mouse brain.(35,54) Moreover, the ethanol fraction and quercetin and kaempferol 3-O-(6''-acetyl)-β-glucopyranoside on β-secretase 1 (BACE1) production in B103 cells showed the presence of inhibitory activity and reducing the extracellular secretion of amyloid β (Aβ).(55) Many patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have deposition of Aβ in cortical blood vessels, leading to cerebral amyloid angiopathy. The gene discussed is BACE1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.