TP53 and myelodysplastic syndrome: Firstly, the ineffective erythropoiesis is an essential feature of MDS and its degree could reflect the severity of the disease, for patients with more severe dyserythropoiesis may suffer more hits during the process of proliferation and differentiation; secondly, severe ineffective erythropoiesis is closely associated with some poor prognostic factors which has been enrolled in the IPSS-R system, including higher BM blast percentage and more aggressive cytogenetic abnormalities; thirdly, it is correlated with several high-risk gene mutations, such as TP53 and ZRSR232–36.