NFKB1 and neoplasm: Both phosphorylated STAT3 (activated) (Lin et al., 2011) and NF-κB (Myant et al., 2013) levels have been reported to be high in tumor-initiating cells, a subpopulation within the bulk tumor with “stem-like” characteristics (Schwitalla et al., 2013; Long et al., 2017).