Somatic mutations in GLI3 were recently reported in a distinct morphological variant of pancreatic carcinoma (undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells) as well as at a low prevalence in sporadic PDAC, suggesting that the importance of GLI3 mutations and its signaling pathway in pancreatic tumorigenesis may extend beyond IPMNs/MCNs21–23. This evidence concerns the gene GLI3 and undifferentiated carcinoma.