VEGFA and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Bhatt et al. analyzed lung samples from infants who died with BPD versus infants who died from non-pulmonary causes and found a decreased expression of VEGF and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM, also termed CD31, endothelial marker), as well as a decreased staining density of alveolar capillaries in BPD infants, indicating that the development of the pulmonary microvasculature was disrupted in BPD patients [4].