As mentioned before, earlier research found that myostatin might induce insulin resistance via NF-κB and SMAD3 [60,61], and recent animal studies on myostatin function and mechanism brought insight into its role in adipogenesis, communication between adipose tissue and skeletal muscles as well as neural control over insulin sensitivity [154,155,156], yet many aspects remain unknown, and are awaiting in-depth studies. Here, SMAD3 is linked to Insulin resistance.