NANOG and cancer: The genes that most clearly distinguished the hiPSCs from the parental cancers included well-known pluripotency markers, such as POU5F1, LIN28A, LIN28B, SOX2, and NANOG (Figures 3C and 4B), which were highly expressed in hiPSCs and hESCs, but not in the parental cancer cells (Figures 3D and 4B–4G); conversely, cancer-related genes, for example, those for CSCs (e.g., CD44), were downregulated in the hiPSCs (Figures 3C and 4C).