BRAF and cancer: (The ATCs also have a genetic variation in the HRAS gene, specifically in codon 27 of exon 1 of HRAS [His27His] [see Supplemental Information], which is known epidemiologically to correlate with cancer risk [Wang et al., 2017a]; however, this is a silent polymorphism and does not alter the HRAS protein sequence nor the RAS activity, pointing to the BRAF mutation as the cause of the abnormally increased RAS pathway activity).