VCAM1 and endothelial dysfunction: In addition, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are known to be activating molecules of endothelial dysfunction because they play a crucial role in the adhesion of cells to the endothelial surfaces and in the integrity of the vascular wall, generating an accumulation of cells and sparking oxidative stress, which can be modulated by the body composition and eating pattern [4, 6, 28, 29].