VCAM1 and endothelial dysfunction: Thus, the transendothelial migration of inflammatory cells (leucocytes) and the production of cytokines are an early step in endothelial dysfunction, which continues with the activation of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1); this contributes to the progression from early endothelial dysfunction to atherosclerotic plaques, causing vascular complications [2–6].