TGFB1 and neoplasm: MSCs have been also shown to improve tumor progression, after injection to the tumor site, through secretion of several growth factors such as TGF-β, epidermal growth factor receptor, periostin, ANG1, PDGF, insulinlike growth factor, and IL-6 (Shangguan et al., 2012; Ye et al., 2012; Akimoto et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2013; Lin et al., 2013; Kansy et al., 2014; Hossain et al., 2015; Wolfe et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2018; Wang Y. et al., 2019).