SPINK1 and infection: In WT mice, the focal genes in the SPINK1 pathway were up-regulated most at 24 h post-infection and appeared to be switched off and were no longer differentially expressed at 72 h infection (Table 4), whereas in Muc1−/− mice, the focal genes were up-regulated as early as 8 h after infection and their expression levels switched to 4–8-fold decreased expression toward 24 h and continuing to be further down-regulated at 72 h post-infection (most of the genes were decreased in expression by 8–32-fold, Table 4).