Consistent with previous studies, mice-derived primary peritoneal macrophages released a large amount of proinflammatory cytokines upon infection with WT S. aureus, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (Figures 5G–I), illustrating a rapid inflammatory response, while the macrophages infected with the Hla-deficient strain or treated with myricetin alone did not have this response. Here, TNF is linked to infection.