VCAM1 and colorectal carcinoma: To confirm the expression pattern of VCAM1 involved in the progression of CRC, real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed in 8 cell lines, including FHC (normal colon mucosa), RKO, Caco-2, HCT15, SW620, LoVo, HCT116, and SW480, and the results showed obviously higher levels of VCAM1 mRNA and protein in human colorectal cancer cells than in normal colon mucosa cells (Figures 1A,B).