Since IL-1β and TNF are fundamental during the early host response to Mtb (11, 40–42) whereas IL-10 promotes TB disease progression in mice (43) and interrupts host defence in humans (44), we determined the concentrations of IL1-β, IL-10, and TNF by ELISA 24 h post stimulation (Figure 1D). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is tuberculosis.