IL18 and graft versus host disease: Next, the same research group reported that the GVHD protective effect of SCFAs requires GPR43-mediated intracellular signaling that triggers ERK phosphorylation, ERK-dependent activation of IL-18, and activation of the NOD-LRR‐ and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome (Fujiwara et al., 2018).