Nevertheless, chronic and excessive inflammation is likely present also in idiopathic-sporadic PD given that epidemiological studies show reduced or delayed incidence of PD in users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substances (ibuprofen) (8), and re-analysis of data from some patients treated with TNF alpha antibodies show marked reduction in the incidence of PD (9). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Parkinson disease.