MAPK3 and posterior cortical atrophy: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and androgen are two important factors that induce the occurrence and progression of prostate cancer (PCa) through activation of the P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2, Erk1/2), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and other signaling pathways to induce cancer cells and malignant transformation (Schafer and Brugge, 2007; Mukherjee and Mayer, 2008; Erdogan et al., 2018; Johnson et al., 2018).