Increased CSF or serum S100B levels were found in different acute and chronic brain disorders, such as traumatic brain injury (Herrmann et al., 1999; Ingebrigtsen et al., 1999), ischemic stroke (Monbailliu et al., 2017) or Alzheimer’s disease (Christl et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene S100B and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.