None of the parameters—including sex, age, creatinine clearance, aspartate aminotransferase level, alanine aminotransferase level, albumin level, PD-L1 expression, pathology, clinical stage, driver mutation frequency, rate of patients who received antibodies against PD-1 or PD-L1, treatment line, previous treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) or thoracic radiotherapy, and pre-existing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or ILD—differed between the ICI-ILD-positive and -negative groups (Table 1). Here, CD274 is linked to interstitial lung disease.