Mutual exclusivity data from the n = 1,105 breast cancer TCGA dataset revealed that PAPP-A has a significant tendency towards co-occurrence with mesenchymal markers Vimentin (VIM), SNAI1 (Snail), SNAI2 (Slug), Zeb1, Zeb2 and Twist1 (Table 3). This evidence concerns the gene PAPPA and breast carcinoma.