The results have not been always concordant: some studies suggest that ERG or ETV1 overexpression promotes pre-malignant in situ lesions (equivalent to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, PIN) [8–12], whereas other studies suggest that this overexpression is not sufficient to cause the onset of cancer [13–18]. The gene discussed is ERG; the disease is prostate intraepithelial neoplasia.