Previous studies noted increased expression of calreticulin in cardiac hypertrophy [11–14] and in the failing human heart [15], and we showed experimentally that mice with upregulated expression of calreticulin in adult cardiomyocytes develop dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac remodeling (fibrogenesis) and heart failure [16, 17]. The gene discussed is CALR; the disease is dilated cardiomyopathy.