HTRA1 and age-related macular degeneration: Based on the latest (and with 16,144 patients the highest sample size) genome-wide association study (GWAS) of AMD,4 in addition to nucleotide variants in the major risk gene loci of complement factor H (CFH) (complement pathway) and ARMS2/HTRA1 (extracellular matrix [ECM] regulation), many small effect variants were identified in genes involved in angiogenesis, lipid metabolism, complement activation, oxidative stress, ECM regulation, and inflammation.