In lupus-prone mice, inhibition of NET formation using Cl-amidine (a chemical inhibitor of peptidylarginine deiminase-4)141, DNase 1142, or FR139317 (a specific endothelin-A receptor antagonist)143 resulted in delayed onset of disease, decreased proteinuria, and reduced deposition of immune complexes in the glomeruli as well as down-regulation of IFN-signature inflammatory responses in the bone marrow and kidney141–143, suggesting that targeting NETs may be beneficial to lupus patients. Here, IFNA1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.