There were significant differences in the binding of sAPPα-695 to Con A and PHA between the NDC and AD samples, and also for sAPPα-KPI binding to Con A. By contrast, there were no significant differences in AD and NDC samples when the proportion of sAPPβ that binds to Con A or PHA was compared, both for species derived from APP695 or from APP-KPI. The gene discussed is APP; the disease is Alzheimer disease.