VEGFA and acute myocardial infarction: More importantly, in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction, compared to non-pretreated MSC-exacted exosomes, exosomes derived from ATV-treated MSC (ATV-Exos) were able to enhance the survival, migration, and tube-like structure formation of endothelial cells and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level was also increased [21].