LCN2 and acute kidney injury: NGAL serum (sNGAL) and urine levels, normalized to urine creatinine (uNGAL), were significantly higher in the AKI group as compared with the control group without AKI (88.32 ± 32.00 ng/ml vs. 58.54 ± 26.65 ng/ml, p = .006, and 37.18 ± 44.78 ng/mg creatinine vs. 15.79 ± 12.19 ng/mg creatinine, p = .032, respectively).