Two molecules, C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP-3) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), may possibly participate in GDM development due to the fact that underlying mechanisms of GDM are, in general, similar to the mechanisms responsible for metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus or obesity. This evidence concerns the gene PNPLA2 and gestational diabetes.