TGFB1 and neoplasm: Additionally, SNORD113 functions as a tumour suppressor in hepatic cell carcinoma by reducing cell growth, and it inactivates the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) 2/3 in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathways [87].